Daga mujallar No. 4 2015
Category: Yanki
Yankin yankin: Kilomita dubu 55,32.
Yawan jama'a: Mutane 618703, wanda sama da kashi 70% mazauna birni ne.
Matsayi na yanki: Yankin yana arewa-maso-yamma na yankin Turai na ƙasar, wani yanki na gundumar tarayya ta Arewa maso Yamma.
Sauyin yanayi yanayi na nahiyar, kusa da teku. Ana siffanta shi da yawan danshi, sanyi, dogayen maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, sanyi lokacin rani, dumi, doguwar kaka, da sanyi mai laushi. A cikin hunturu, yankin yana fuskantar yanayin girgije tare da narke akai-akai. A lokacin rani yakan yi ruwan sama, yawanci gajere (kwanaki 12-17 tare da ruwan sama a kowane wata). A cikin kaka, yanayin girgije yana mamaye tare da dogon hazo (kwanaki 12-14 a wata), hazo galibi a cikin nau'in ruwan sama mai tsayi, a cikin Nuwamba sau da yawa a cikin guguwa.
Matsakaicin yanayin iska na shekara shine +4,9°C. Ana ganin mafi girman yanayin yanayin iska a lokacin kaka-hunturu, wanda ya kai matsakaicin 88% a cikin Nuwamba-Disamba. Matsakaicin lokacin sanyi na ƙarshe a cikin bazara shine Mayu 18, sanyi na farko a cikin kaka shine 18 ga Satumba. Matsakaicin lokacin lokacin sanyi shine kwanaki 143.
A lokacin girma (kwanaki 175), 400-430 mm na hazo ya faɗi (60% na al'ada na shekara). Lokacin bazara (lokacin da yanayin zafi sama da +10 ° C) yana ɗaukar kwanaki 140. An kafa murfin dusar ƙanƙara mai tsayi a tsakiyar Disamba (kwanakin farko shine Nuwamba 11) kuma yana ci gaba har tsawon kwanaki 110-120.
Taimako. A yammacin yankin akwai ƙaƙƙarfan lebur Priilmenskaya lowland, wanda tsayinsa bai wuce 60-70 m sama da matakin teku ba. A gabas akwai Valdai Upland tare da tsayin mutum ɗaya tare da cikakkiyar tsayi har zuwa m 300. Dukan waɗannan sassa an raba su zuwa wurare daban-daban tare da ƙananan siffofin taimako. Ana bayyana wannan musamman a cikin Valdai Upland.
Kasa. Yankin ya mamaye ƙasan soddy-podzolic, sau da yawa ruwa yana juyewa zuwa digiri daban-daban. Siffofinsu na musamman sune ƙananan kauri na sararin samaniya, babban acidity, ƙarancin abun ciki na abubuwan gina jiki da ƙarancin abun ciki na humus.
Yankin ƙasar noma: hekta dubu 10,8.
Yankin Novgorod yana daya daga cikin jagororin samar da dankalin turawa a yankin Arewa maso Yamma. An sauƙaƙe haɓakar wannan yanki ta mafi kyawun ƙasa da yanayin yanayi da kusanci ga manyan kasuwannin tallace-tallace. Ana daukar noman dankalin turawa a matsayin alkibla mafi fa'ida a masana'antar noman amfanin gona. Riba ya bambanta daga 25 zuwa 45%. Yana da dabi'a cewa yawan adadin dankalin kasuwanci yana girma kowace shekara. Bari mu tuna cewa a cikin 2000, kawai 160-180 ton na "gurasa na biyu" an girma a yankin Novgorod. A cikin 2015, masu samar da noma a yankin sun samar da fiye da tan dubu 368 na dankali, wanda shine 20% fiye da sakamakon bara (ciki har da babban girbi a cikin kungiyoyin aikin gona ya karu da 87%, a cikin gonakin manoma - da kashi 85%). Don haka, ga kowane mazaunin yankin Novgorod a wannan shekara yana da kilogiram 595 na dankali, tare da al'ada shine 95 kg.
Gabaɗaya, noman dankalin turawa ya ƙaru sau 1,7 a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata.
Domin samun ingantacciyar bunkasuwar noma da kuma kara samun kwanciyar hankali a harkar noma, tallafin gwamnati ya zama dole. Ana ba da matakan irin wannan tallafin a cikin tsarin tsarin jihar na yankin Novgorod "Haɓaka rukunin masana'antu na Novgorod don 2014-2020" da kuma shirin maƙasudin sashen "Haɓaka girma dankalin turawa da ƙirƙirar kayan aiki (2014). wholesale da rarraba) cibiyoyin ajiya, pre-sale shiri da kuma sayar da dankali, kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa a cikin Novgorod yankin na 2016-XNUMX." A wani bangare na wadannan shirye-shirye, masu noma a yankin suna samun tallafi don saye da samar da irin dankalin turawa, don siyan kayan aiki don ajiya, shirye-shiryen riga-kafin siyarwa da sayar da dankali, kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Tsarin iri
Ci gaban dankalin turawa ba shi yiwuwa ba tare da kayan iri masu inganci ba. An samar da gonaki biyar masu samar da dankalin iri a yankin. A zamanin yau, kamfanoni suna haɓaka sosai. A wannan shekara, yankin da ake shuka dankalin turawa ya karu da kashi 8% (idan aka kwatanta da matakin 2014).
An shirya cewa wadannan gonaki za su samar da fiye da ton dubu 8 na irin dankalin turawa mai yawan hayayyafa a shiyyar.
Mataki na gaba na bunkasa noman dankalin turawa shine samar da dakin gwaje-gwaje don samar da irin dankalin turawa ba tare da kwayar cutar ba.
Hanyoyi
Don ajiya, shirye-shiryen siyarwa da siyarwar dankali, an gina cibiyoyin dabaru guda uku a yankin (biyu a cikin Novgorod da ɗaya a cikin gundumomin Borovichi), wanda zai iya ɗaukar ton 45 na dankali. Hakan ya ba da damar samar wa al'ummar yankin da kayayyaki masu inganci duk shekara, da samar da sabbin dankalin turawa zuwa shagunan sarka da sayar da su a wajen yankin, wanda ke da tasiri mai kyau kan samun kudin shiga na masu kera.
A karshen wannan shekarar, za a fara aiki da sabbin wuraren ajiyar dankalin turawa da jimillar ajiyar tan dubu 5,1 a yankin. A cikin 2016, an shirya gina ƙarin wuraren ajiyar dankalin turawa guda biyu a cikin gundumomin Soletsky da Shimsky tare da jimlar ajiyar tan dubu 30. Don haka, an samar da abubuwan da ake bukata a yankin don haɓaka noman dankalin turawa.
Furanni
Cibiyoyin koyar da aikin gona na sakandare uku da Cibiyar Noma da Albarkatun ƙasa suna samun nasarar aiki a yankin Novgorod. Suna samarwa yankin da kwararrun ma'aikata. Kowace shekara, waɗannan cibiyoyin ilimi suna ba da takardar shaidar difloma ga kusan 400 ƙwararrun ilimi na ilimin sakandare da 50. - ilimi mafi girma na sana'a, yawancin masu digiri na ci gaba da ayyukan sana'a a cikin jagorancin masana'antun noma a yankin.
Dankalin gonakin dankali
Gonakin manoma na Ivan Geletey da Sergei Yakovlev daga gundumar Borovichi suna nuna sakamako mai kyau koyaushe; Anatoly Lipatov, Denis Pavlyuk, Ivan Pireev daga yankin Novgorod. Yawan amfanin da ke cikinsu ya kai 500 c/ha. Hakanan ana samun yawan noman dankalin turawa kowace shekara a gonakin Vladimir Kondranin, Arbi Kadyrov daga gundumar Shimsky, da Nikolai Kolesnikov daga gundumar Soletsky. An daidaita yawan amfanin ƙasa a cikin waɗannan kamfanoni a matakin 250-280 c/ha.
Ana kuma aiwatar da sabbin ayyuka na noman dankalin turawa a sabbin filayen da aka bullo da su a yankin. A cikin gundumar Volotovsky, Novgorod Potato System LLC ya shuka hectare 100 na dankali a wannan shekara, yawan amfanin ƙasa shine 300 c / ha. A shekara mai zuwa kamfanin na shirin kara yawan yankin da yake noman shuka zuwa kadada 300. A cikin gundumar Soletsky, Bristol LLC ya shuka kadada 460 na dankali, yawan amfanin ƙasa shine 350 c/ha. Ana shirin kara girman yankin zuwa hekta 1200. Lokacin da aka kai ga ƙarfin ƙira, yawan adadin dankalin turawa zai zama ton dubu 163.
Abubuwan da suka dace
Babban burin yankin a fagen noma shi ne cimma cikakken samar da mazauna tare da kayayyakin abinci da aka samar a kasar Novgorod. Dangane da haka, fannin dankalin turawa na iya zama abin koyi ga wasu. Yankin ya riga ya wadatar da kansa a cikin dankali, ko da yake, ba shakka, sakamakon da aka samu ba iyaka ba ne.
Yankin yana da shawarwarin wuraren zuba jari don bunkasa yankuna daban-daban, wasu daga cikinsu sun riga sun fara nema saboda kyakkyawan yanayin saka hannun jari da aka samar a yankin. Duk wannan zai taimaka wajen ci gaba da bunkasa noma. A shekara mai zuwa muna shirin samar da ton dubu 400 na dankali kuma muna da tabbacin cewa wannan aikin yana da gaske kuma yana iya warwarewa.
Editocin suna so su gode wa Sashen Noma da Abinci na yankin Novgorod don shirya kayan.